孔氏宗亲网
在线情况
楼主
  • 头像
  • 级别
    • 会员荣誉会员
    • 积分217
    • 经验6733
    • 文章135
    • 注册2005-01-10
    The Genealogy of our family 孔家世系
    The Genealogy of our family  孔家世系
     

    We should start this topic from the father of Confucius, Suk Liang Yut (叔梁紇).  As mentioned previously, he had three wives and eleven children, nine girls and two boys.  After his death, the family split. One saying was that Yan Jing Joi  (颜徵在), the biological mother of Confucius left with her young three years old son, and returned to her hometown Qufu; another saying was that she took the two boys with her.  The reason that she left was not clearly defined; the most quoted was that because of the education and the future of her own young son. There might be other reasons too but were not mentioned.  It was well known that the first wife of Yut was not a kind person and she was the person who mistreated and caused the death of one of his concubines, mother of Meng Pei ( 孟皮).  

    孔家的世系應由孔子的父親叔梁紇開始。以前我們談過,他有三個妻妾,十一個兒女(九個女兒,二個兒子)。在他死後,他的家庭便分裂。有一說法孔子的生母帶同她三歲的兒子離開,回到曲阜;另一說法是孔子的母親帶同兩個兒子離開。她離開的理由沒有詳細說明的,但是大部份的解釋是為了兒子的教育和將來,不過可能還有其他原因。叔梁紇的正妻不是一個和善的人,她把叔梁紇的一個妾, 孟皮的生母虐待死了。

    Traditionally, the genealogical record would not show name of daughters but name of sons were clearly documented. As far as we know, Confucius had a brother named Meng Pei, one son named Kong Li  (孔鯉), one daughter, a nephew named Kong Jung  (孔忠) and one niece.  (The last four persons were clearly mentioned in the commonly known Analects (論語).  His son Li and nephew Jung were recorded either in the Analects or The Biography of Disciples of Jung Nei (仲尼弟子列傳). In fact Jung was recognized as one of the seventy-two eminences.  The birth of Li and his dialogues with Confucius were also well documented.)

    在傳統上女兒名字在家譜上是沒有記錄,只有兒子是清楚地記錄在案。照所知,孔子有一個哥哥,名孟皮, 一個兒子名孔鯉,一個女兒,一個姪兒名孔忠,一個姪女。(他們子姪四人是清楚地在論語上或在仲尼弟子列傳中提及。事實上,孔忠更名列七十二賢人。孔鯉的出生和跟父親的談論,是清楚地記錄在案。)

    Jung had no child and his branch was lost; Li had one son, the famous Kong Kap alias Ji Si (孔伋字子思), an outstanding scholar who extended the teaching of his grand father and also the author of the book Jung Yung (中庸).  For consecutive seven generations after Confucius, the family had one male child only.  Had one of them died early, the Kong family would not be existed today.  Only the ninth generation had three children; all nowadays descendants of the Confucius clan are descendants of the second son of this generation.  (By the way, the translation of the Confucius family as known to the Western civilization, particularly in the English speaking countries is either as Kong, Kung or Hung due to the non-unified phonetic translation.)

    孔忠沒有後嗣,他那一支已失傳。孔鯉有一個兒子,就是子思,他是一個學者,儒家學說傳人,中庸的作者。孔子以後七代都是單傳,如果其中一代早死,今天的孔子世家便不存在。第九代便有三兄弟;這一代的第二子是現世孔子後裔的遠祖(在英語系統中,孔氏的譯音便有幾個不同,因為數十年來翻譯姓名沒有統一的原故。)

    Since the family was recognized as a dignitary for these more than two thousand and five hundred years, the name, title and position held by descendants of Confucius of each generation had a well-kept genealogical record by the government even to the provincial level.  In the Shangdong Province Archive (山東省志, 山東省地方史志編纂委員會編緝), one can find detail information of the family in the volume known as the Archive of the Hometown of Confucius (孔子故里志) and by the Confucius Family Genealogical Chart (聖祖至四十二代的記錄) which kept the record of the first forty two generations, i.e. a record of about one thousand five hundred years. Per The Guinness World Record of 2006, (2006年全球之最記錄,健力氏出版)the genealogy of the Confucius family is the longest ever.  The wordings in the Guinness book are somewhat like: The lineage of Kung Chiu or Confucius (China 551-479 BC ) can be traced back further than any other family.  Kung Chia , the Great grandfather of his Great grandfather is known from the 8th century BC. Kung Chia has 86 lineal descendants.  
     
    因為二千五百多年來,孔氏都被認為是望族,孔家每代子嗣的名字,官銜和爵位都有完整的記錄,甚至也在當地政府的檔案。近年由山東省地方史志編纂委員會所編緝的山東省志便有一冊名為孔子故里志,志/誌裏便詳細記錄著有名孔氏嫡庶子孫的資歷。在孔氏家族的檔案裏,更有聖祖至四十二代的記錄。在英國健力氏的2006年全球之最記錄中,孔家的族譜被認為全世界最長.  憲章現將全文大意譯為﹕孔丘或稱為孔子(公元前551-479年中國人)的世系可以回索得比任何家族為早。他的六世祖孔嘉,在公元前八世紀前已是知名。孔嘉的直系後裔至今已有86代。
    孔氏宗亲网感谢您的参与
    在线情况
    2
    • 头像
    • 级别
      • 会员荣誉会员
      • 积分217
      • 经验6733
      • 文章135
      • 注册2005-01-10

      Per the traceable record as in the Archive of the Hometown of Confucius  (孔子故里志), Ji Si, the scholar and grandson of Confucius was the most glorious descendant for six generations. Kong Him (孔謙) the eighth generation descendant was ordained as Man Shun Gwan (文信君) by the King of Ngai (魏王) and also functioned as the prime minister. The First Emperor of the Chin Dynasty (秦始皇) intended to honor Kong Fu (孔鮒) the ninth generation, as the Man Tong Gwan (文通君).  Fu retreated as a hermit in the Sung Mountain (嵩山) and as a teacher to show his resentment. Hon Go Jo (漢高祖) , the first emperor of the Hon Dynasty (漢朝), ordained Kong Chung (孔藂),the10th generation descendant as Marquis of Liu (蓼侯), and Kong Tang (孔騰) the ninth generation as Fung Ji Gwan (奉祀君) with the special duty as the Chief Offering Officer to Confucius for the Emperor.  Since that time on, for sixty-nine generations, the first-born son of the main branch inherited the title from the rank of marquis to the duke(e.g. Duke of Yin Sing衍聖公 for the past eight hundred years)until the end of the Ching Dynasty (清朝).  The 77th generation descendant of the main branch who inherited the tile as the duke is still living in Taiwan. Recently with the birth of his great grandson at the beginning of 2006, the eightieth generation is added to the family.  

      根據孔子故里志,子思是孔子死後六代最顯赫人物。第八代孫孔謙曾受魏王封為文信君並為相。秦始皇召第九代孫孔鮒為文通君,但孔鮒隱於嵩山授徒。漢高祖封第十代孫孔藂為蓼侯,並封第九代孫孔騰為奉祀君,專責祭孔. 自始以後,六十九代嫡系長子,便襲封為公或侯的爵位, 直至清末。最後一任衍聖公, 即第七十七代嫡孫現居台灣. 在2006年初,嫡系加添一位第八十代孫。       

      From the War Period (戰國) to the beginning of Eastern Hon Dynasty (東漢 ), descendants were mostly living in Qufu of Shangdong province.  Per the Archive of the Hometown of Confucius there were only twenty families of descendants living in Qufu.  During the visit of Emperor Jeung of the Hon Dynasty (漢章帝), there were only sixty-three members in Qufu.  During the late Tong Dynasty (唐朝), there were only ten families of descendants living in there. The reduction was due to massive emigrations.  At the end of the Eastern Hon Dynasty, Kong Yin (孔衍), the twenty-second generation migrated to Wooi Kai (會稽now is known as Siu Hing of Zhejiang province今浙江紹興).  This branch is known as Chi Kai Paai or Branch (慈溪派).  During the Tong Dynasty, Kong Yin (孔賢) of the thirty-five generation moved to Ning Ling of Henan province (河南寧陵), forming the Ning Ling Branch (寧陵派). Kong LaapYan (孔立言) also of the thirty-five generation migrated to Hin County of Hebei province (河北獻縣) named as Hin County Branch (獻縣派). Kong Ji (孔至) of the thirty-sixth generation escaped to Lo San of Henan (河南魯山) and formed the Lo San Branch (魯山派). Kong Wai Si (孔惟時) of the thirty-eighth generation became the creator of the Hap County Branch of Henan province (河南郟縣派) and Kong Ying (孔瑛) of the same generation started the Lau Yang Branch of Hunan province (湖南瀏陽派). Kong Wan Hin (孔溫憲) of the thirty-ninth generation formed the Gwai Dong Branch in Hunan province (湖南桂東派). Kong Sun (孔絢)of the fortieth generation formed the Dan Yang Branch in Jiangsu province (江蘇丹陽派) and Kong Jik (孔績) of the same generation formed the Lam Gong Branch in Jiangxi province (江西臨江派).  Kong Cheong Mok (孔昌弼) of the forty-first generation formed the Ling Nan Branch in Guangdong province (廣東嶺南派) while Kong Dan  (孔禾丹 ) of the forty-second generation formed the Lo Gong Branch in Anhui province (安徽廬江派) . Kong Kui  (孔檜 ) of the same generation formed the PingYang branch in Shangdong province(山東平陽派). The reasons to move were either due to governmental appointments, or to avoid wars. After the migration, descendants stayed there forever forming a new branch or known as paai (派) in Chinese. Kong Gong Ji  (孔光嗣) of the forty-second generation was murdered by his slave Kong Moo (孔末) due to the chaotic society during the end of the Tong Dynasty also known as Five Dynasties (五代). Kong Yan Yuk (孔仁玉), son of Gong Ji reclaimed the title later. Yan Yuk is now known as the Jung Hing Jo (Resurrect Ancestor 中興祖 ) .  The above-mentioned groups are known as descendents of the Northern Division (北宗).    

      在戰國到東漢初,孔子後裔主要是聚居在曲阜。據孔子故里志所記,在東漢前期,在曲阜定居的孔子後裔大約有二十戶,在漢章帝時也只有六十三人。唐代後期,在曲阜定居的孔子後裔大約有十戶。不過,在秦漢時,孔子後裔已有遷居外地,在東漢末年,第二十二代後裔孔衍遷到會稽,即現今的浙江紹興,成為現在的慈溪派。到唐代時,第三十五代的孔賢遷到河南的寧陵,形成現代的寧陵派,同代的孔立言遷居河北獻縣,形成獻縣派。第三十六代的孔至避亂河南魯山,形成魯山派。第三十八代的孔惟時為河南郟縣派的始祖,同代的孔瑛為湖南瀏陽派的始祖。第三十九代的孔溫憲在湖南成桂東派,第四十代孔絢的江蘇丹陽派、同代孔績的江西臨江派,第四十一代的孔昌弼嶺南派,第四十二代的孔(禾丹) 成安徽廬江派、同代的孔檜成山東平陽派。遷離曲阜的主要原因是官職或避亂,外遷後,後人便在當地定居, 成為一新支派。在第四十二代時,因為唐後五代亂世,孔光嗣被原為家奴的孔末殺害,光嗣子仁玉復位,後世稱為中興祖。以上便是北宗的主要支派。

      Based on the publication from The Committee of The Arch Shrine of the Southern Division of the Confucius Family in Kui Jau, (衢州孔氏南宗家廟管委會), Kung Duen Yau, the forty eighth Duke of Yan Sing (衍聖公孔端友) observed the decree from Emperor Go Jung of the Sung Dynasty (宋高宗) to the south.  He built the arch-shrine in Kui Jau of Zhejiang province (浙江衢州) per the decree.   Kui Jau became the hometown of the main branch, while the arch-shrine in Qufu 曲阜was in the trust to other family members still living there.  Per the judgment of  Emperor Sai Jo of the Yuen dynasty (元世祖) , those who lived in Kui Jau were the main branch. He decreed Kong Jue (孔洙) to return to Qufu to reclaim his title.  Jue responded that he could not return because his immediate ancestors were buried in Kui Jau as an excuse.  He would like to let those in Qufu to inherit the duke title.  Since then the genuine main branch was known as the Southern Division.  Recently the Northern and Southern Divisions are united as one.

      據衢州孔氏南宗家廟管委會記載,在宋高宗時,第四十八代衍聖公孔端友奉詔南渡,承旨在浙江衢州成立大宗廟,是當時孔氏大宗居地。曲阜的宗廟由族人署理。元世祖時,定”寓衢者為大宗” 。詔孔洙回曲阜復爵。“ 洙以先世廟墓在衢” ,“ 固讓其爵於在魯者” 。自始衢州孔氏便稱為南宗。近年南北宗已結合為一體。
      孔氏宗亲网感谢您的参与
      在线情况
      3
      • 头像
      • 级别
        • 会员荣誉会员
        • 积分217
        • 经验6733
        • 文章135
        • 注册2005-01-10

        Nowadays descendants of the Confucius family are widely spread all over China including Anhui, Fujiang, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei,  Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shangdong, Shangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces.  By the end of the twentieth century, one can find descendants of Confucius family all over the world including Japan, Southern Korea, Northern Korea, Singapore, Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), Indonesia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Australia, England, Russia, Switzerland, Canada and USA.

        孔氏後裔不但可以說遍佈全國,在安徽,福建,甘肅,廣東,廣西,貴州,  海南,河北,黑龍江,河南,湖南,江蘇,江西,吉林,遼寧,青海,陝西,山東,山西,四川,台灣,  雲南和浙江等省, 有孔氏的後裔,而在上世紀後年期,孔子後裔已遍及世界各地,在日本,韓國,朝鮮,新加坡,印尼,馬來西亞,緬甸,香港,澳洲,俄國,英國,瑞士,加拿大和美國等地,也有孔氏後人。

        There is always one question asked. How do one know who is the genuine descendant?  As mentioned above, the Confucius family has an excellent genealogical record book in Qufu. As shown above we can tell accurately the name, the generation and the location where a descendant migrated. One can always find a local branch record book logged the name of ancestors as well as the newborn babies. If one cannot provide the names of the previous three or four generations correctly, that person would be questionable. We also have a special naming system decreed from emperors. Descendants of every generation from all branches observed the naming system called “Heng Bei”or 行輩 in Chinese.  Names from the 58th to 65th generations started from a decree from the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty; the next ten names, i.e. 66th –75th generations, were from the sixteenth emperor of Ming Dynasty.  While the 76th to 85th names were from the seventh emperor of the Ching Dynasty (清朝). While the last twenty names i.e. from 86-105 generations, were approved by the government at the Republic time. From the name list, we can identify the generation sequence of an individual in the family. The following list is the official middle names that a genuine descendant must be used. The list is in the order of generation sequence first, then the name in Chinese and the name in pinyin.  56希 Xi, 57言 Yan, 58公 Gong, 59彦 Yan, 60承 Cheng, 61宏 Hong, 62闻 Wen, 63贞 Zhen, 64尚 Sheng, 65衍 Yan, 66兴 Xing, 67毓 Yu, 68传 Chuan, 69继 Ji, 70广 Guang, 71昭 Zhao, 72宪 Xian, 73庆 Qing, 74繁 Fan, 75祥 Xiang, 76令 Ling, 77德 De, 78维 Wei, 79垂 Chui, 80佑 You, 81钦 Qin, 82绍 Shao, 83念 Nian, 84显 Xian,85扬 Yang, 86建 Jian, 87道 Dao, 88敦 Dun, 89安 An, 90定 Ding, 91懋 Mao, 92修    Xiu, 93肈 Zhao, 94彝 Yi, 95常 Chang, 96裕 Yu, 97文 Wen, 98焕 Huan, 99景 Jing, 100瑞 Rui, 101永 Yong, 102锡 Xi, 103世 Shi, 104绪 Xu, 105昌 Chang.    

        常有人問,如可知道誰是真正的孔氏子孫?正如前文提過,因為孔家在曲阜有一冊完善的族譜。因為族譜的原故,我們可以在前文準確地提及外遷何地子孫的姓名及代數。在每一個真正的支派的家祠,總有一冊支譜,記錄著前代及新生子孫的名字。如果沒有法子說出前三或四代的字號,那人的真實性便是可疑。而且孔家受帝皇賜下的命名制度,全族各代子孫也依照制度命名。第五十八代至第六十五代的行輩字派是由明朝第二位皇帝惠帝所定;第六十六代至第七十五代的行輩字派是由明朝第十六位皇帝崇禎所定。第七十六代至第八十五代的行輩字派是由清朝第七位皇帝同治所定;第八十六代至第一百零五代的行輩字派是由民國政府所批準。由名字上,我們便可以準確地知道誰是屬於那一代的子孫。(以上所列是宗親會所審定各代行輩字派,連漢語拼音,不再在此另錄)。
        孔氏宗亲网感谢您的参与
        Powered by LeadBBS 9.2 licence.
        Page created in 0.0312 seconds with 11 queries.